Introduction Preventive andrology focuses on maintaining male reproductive and hormonal health throughout the lifespan. As men age, physiological changes increase the risk of sexual dysfunction, erotic dysfunction, hormonal decline, and chronic disease. Aging and Reproductive Health Age-related changes include reduced testosterone levels, decr

Introduction Male sexual dysfunction encompasses a range of conditions that affect sexual performance and satisfaction. These disorders can significantly impact emotional health, relationships, and self-esteem. Andrology offers a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and treating sexual dysfunction. Types of Sexual Dysfunction Common for

Introduction Hormones play a fundamental role in male development, reproduction, and overall health. Andrology focuses particularly on disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which regulates testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Testosterone and Male Physiology Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for s

Introduction Male infertility is defined as the inability to achieve conception due to male-related factors after a period of regular unprotected intercourse. It accounts for approximately 40–50% of infertility cases globally, making it a significant medical and social issue. Andrology provides the scientific and clinical framework necessary to

Introduction Andrology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on male reproductive health, sexual function, and hormonal balance. As a discipline, it addresses conditions unique to men, particularly those related to fertility, sexual performance, and endocrine regulation. Although often compared to gynecology in women, andrology has broad